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Pathophysiology
Undescended testicle (or Cryptorchidism) is a condition seen in newborns when one or both of the male testes have not passed down into the scrotal sac. Cryptorchidism is more commonly seen in premature males because the testes do not descend from the abdomen to the scrotal sac until the seventh month of fetal development.
Disease statistics
The relative risk of testicular cancer in cryptorchidism is 2.75 to 8. A relative risk of 2 to 3 has been noted in patients who undergo orchiopexy by age 10 to 12 years.
Disease treatment
It may include: Hormonal therapy- Hormone injections like (B-HCG or testosterone) to try to bring the testicle into the scrotum and is not usually recommended because it is much less effective than surgery, and Surgical repair- To bring the testicle into the scrotum and can be done either with a laparoscope or with open surgery.
Major research
This research was based on previous studies that found men from Germany had lower semen quality and a much higher rate of testicular cancer than men in the neighbouring country of Finland. Undescended testes is linked to both low semen quality and testicular cancer later in life, and this led the authors of this recent research to compare the number of boys born with undescended testes in Germany and Finland.