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Pathology
A myocardial infraction or a heart attack is permanent damage to the heart muscle. It occurs when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to heart muscle gets suddenly blocked by which the heart can’t get oxygen. Various symptoms include pain or discomfort in one or both the arms that spread to shoulders, upper back, neck or jaw, a general sense of anxiety, shortness of breath, stomach or abdominal pain, weakness and overwhelming fatigue, swelling of the ankles and lower legs, etc.
Treatment
A heart attack is a medical emergency so should call the ambulance. If the causality is not allergic to aspirin and its easily available than give them a tablet ideally 300mg to slowly chew and swallow while waiting for the ambulance to arrive. The aspirin will help to reduce the risk of heart attack by thinning the blood. The two main treatments include: using medication to dissolve blood clots, surgery to restore blood to the heart.
Statistics
Heart diseases have been the third leading cause of death in Hong Kong since 1960s. "Heart Diseases" refers to a broad spectrum of diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, chronic rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease, and coronary heart disease is the major cause of death among them. In 2013, about 11.0 persons on average died from coronary heart diseases per day.