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Intracranial venous malformations are abnormally enlarged veins in brain. Venous malformations are a type of blood vessel abnormality in the brain or spinal cord.
Hemangioma and venous lymphatic malformation are the two most common orbital vascular lesions occurring in the pediatric patient. MR imaging precisely delineates and characterizes these lesions and thus plays an important role in their diagnosis and management. This article discusses the characteristic clinical and imaging findings of hemangiomas and venous lymphatic malformations and the controversies regarding the origin and nomenclature of vascular lesions.Intracranial vascular anomalies, some of which are potentially symptomatic and require treatment, are present in more than two thirds of patients with periorbital LM. Initial imaging of patients with orbital LM should include the brain as well as the orbit.
The most important goal AVM treatment is to prevent internal bleeding from rupture, because which can lead to stroke / death. However, seizure control or stabilization of progressive neurological deficits are occasionally treatment goals. Though medication may be prescribed, it does not cure AVMs but medications are used to control pain and seizures. The management options for brain AVMs include observation or various treatment techniques, such as endovascular embolization, microsurgical techniques and stereotactic radiotherapy used alone or in combination with varying degrees of treatment-associated morbidity and mortality.