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Membranous nephritis is one of a group of conditions called ‘glomerulonephritis’, where the immune system damages the kidney. Nephropathy, nephritis or glomerulonephritis are all used, but they all mean the same. The name of the condition refers to the appearances of a kidney biopsy under the microscope. The glomerulus, the filtering unit of the kidney, is about the size of a pinhead.
Disease pathophysiology:
It is made up of membranes, which are capillaries that filter the blood, and a supporting structure called the mesangium. In this condition the membrane is thickened, but the supporting structure (the mesangium) is normal. Because membranous nephritis can only be diagnosed with certainty under the microscope, it is only diagnosed after a biopsy test of the kidney.
Disease statistics:
Similar to FSGS, MGN is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases to cause nephrotic syndrome, accounting for 33% of cases,11 with a predominance in men older than 40. And, similar to FSGS, MGN can result as part of a multisystem disease process such as lupus or chronic hepatitis B, or as a paraneoplastic manifestation of extrarenalcarcinomas, appropriately called secondary MGN.
Disease treatment:
These drugs were originally designed to treat high blood pressure. However they also reduce the loss of protein in the urine and allow the level of albumin in the blood stream to improve. Diuretic medicines that get rid of excess fluid from the body can help control swelling. Angiotensin antagonists/inhibitors and diuretics tend to work together, amplifying each other’s effects.
Major research on disease:
Research conducted by a pair of physicians at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston Medical Center (BMC) has led to the development of a test that can help diagnose membranous nephropathy in its early stages. The test, which is currently only offered in the research setting and is awaiting commercial development, could have significant implications in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
