Coronary Artery Disease

Pathophisiology
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most Common type of heart disease, also referred to as coronary heart disorder. Coronary arteries are the essential blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients. CAD occurs when these that provide blood to coronary heart muscle turn out to be hardened and narrowed. Atherosclerosis (regularly known as “hardening” or “clogging” of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (referred to as plaques) on the internal walls of the arteries. These plaques can avert blood go with the flow to the center muscle by clogging the artery or via causing abnormal artery tone and function.
Statistics
Several studies in India and Pakistan suggest that the morbidity of CHD is significant in this region. There are an estimated 31.8 million people living with CHD in India alone, Health’s National Cardiovascular Disease Database cited a study in India which found prevalence among men was over 6% and women over 10%. In India, 52% of CVD deaths occur among those under 70 years. This results in a considerable burden of CHD on working class citizens.

Treatment
Treatment for CAD involves lifestyle changes, if necessary, drugs and certain medical procedures. Various drugs that are used to treat CAD are Cholesterol-modifying medications, Beta blockers, Nitroglycerin, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Some of the Procedures to restore and improve blood flow like Angioplasty and stent placement (percutaneous coronary revascularization), Coronary artery bypass surgery.
Major Research
Some ongoing researches on Coronary artery disease in India are Genetic epidemiology of coronary artery disease: an Asian Indian perspective, Time-driven activity-based costing of multivessel coronary artery bypass grafting across national boundaries to identify improvement opportunities: study protocol, Unique Aspects of Coronary Artery Disease in Indian Women.