Chronic Kidney Disease

Pathophysiology:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have chronic inflammation, which is the most important reason for the high morbidity and mortality associated with CKD .Despite well-established treatments for CKD, these patients still have a high incidence of cardiovascular and infectious morbidities. The two main causes of chronic kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure, which are responsible for these diseases. Diabetes happens when your blood sugar level is too high, causing damage for many organs whether it could be from sense organ or visceral organs. When kidney disease progresses, it may eventually lead to kidney failure, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to maintain life that leads to chronic kidney diseases.
Treatment:
Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause and/or the institution of secondary preventive measures are imperative in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). These steps may delay, or possibly halt, progression of the disease. Delaying or halting the progression of CKD, diagnosing and treating the pathologic manifestations of CKD and Timely planning for long-term renal replacement therapy.

Major research on disease:
The Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) cohort study is a prospective observational study of pediatric patients with CKD and mild to moderate renal dysfunction and recent literature suggests that BP targets in diabetic and non-diabetic CKD may need to be individualized based on the presence of proteinuria. Some trials have failed to show a reduction in cardiovascular or renal outcomes in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CKD when a BP target of <130/80 mmHg is achieved compared to lowering BP to <140/90 mmHg