Gingivitis

Introduction

Gingivitis refers to an inflammation of the gums. It is characterized by red swollen gums, bad breath which persists even after brushing, painful and bleeding gums.

Epidemiology

Gingivitis severity is most likely related to age, lipid disorders and increase in body mass. Ulcerative gingivitis is accompanied by areas of ulceration and necrosis of the gums (necrosis). Risk factors associated with gingivitis are smoking, chewing tobacco, poor oral hygiene, medical conditions such as diabetes, decreased immunity, fungal infections and hormonal imbalance.

Treatment and Statistics

Gingivitis can be diagnosed by dentists by performing deep cleaning such as Scaling, root planning, antibiotic medications and surgical procedures such as flap surgery, bone and tissue grafts. It can be prevented by proper oral hygiene and balanced diet. In Ireland, prevalence of gingivitis is about 44% in children of age 15 years according to survey conducted at 2003.