Edema

It is a condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body. It is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body which cause severe pain. Clinically, edema manifests as swelling.

Symptoms: Swelling of the skin Skin may be stretched and shiny The skin may retain a dimple after being pressed for about ten seconds Puffiness of the ankles, face or eyes Aching body parts Stiff joints Weight gain Weight loss Hand and neck veins are fuller Raised pulse rate Hypertension - raised blood pressure Ascites - increased abdominal size.

Diagnosis: Medical history Current state of health How long the signs and symptoms have existed How permanent or intermittent the signs and symptoms are Whether the patient has had edema before. The physician will also carry out a physical exam A chest X-ray ,Blood tests,     Urine tests ,Liver function tests ,Heart function tests.

Treament: 1. Diuretics 2. Antiangiogenesis therapy 3. Oxygen therapy 4. Lucentis. Epidemology: In-hospital all-cause mortality (ACM) in PE patients was 7.4%, and 57% of deaths occurred on day one. Increasing age, concurrent acute coronary syndromes, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, elevated BUN, left bundle branch block, inotrope therapy, and requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for ACM.