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Meningococcal disease is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, a bacterium with human carriers as the only reservoir. It is carried in the nose, where it can remain for long periods without producing symptoms.It causes the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord to become inflamed.
Disease pathophysiology:
The toxins damage the blood vessels and reduce the flow of oxygen to the major organs including the skin and underlying tissues. This can lead to: Skin and tissue damage Bone growth problems Organ failure Limb loss.Bacteria and viruses are the two main causes of meningitis. The bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, also called meningococcus, causes meningococcal meningitis.
Disease statistics:
Meningococcal infection is uncommon but it is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis. About 2,500 people have bacterial meningitis each year.According to the Centers for Disease Control, about 15% of those who survive are left with disabilities that include deafness, brain damage, and neurological problems.
Disease treatment:
Antibiotic injections are needed urgently. High doses are usually given. Intensive care is often also needed at first as the infection often causes shock and problems throughout the body.Meningococcal meningitis can be fatal or cause great harm without prompt treatment; as many as one out of five people who contract the infection have serious complications.
Major research on disease:
The management of meningococcal disease.Meningococcus bacteria are spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretions like spit (e.g., by living in close quarters, kissing). Meningococcal disease can be treated with antibiotics, but quick medical attention is extremely important.