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Yersiniosis is caused by Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Yersinia pestis causes human plague). Ingested Yersinia enterocolitica proliferates in the ileum, invades the mucosa, produces ulcerations and necrosis of Peyer?s patches, and migrates by way of the lymphatics to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Arthralgia, arthritis, and erythema nodosum are complications. Septicemia is an uncommon complication but kills about one-half of those affected.
Fever, diarrhea (sometimes bloody) and abdominal pain begin 4 to 10 days after penetration of the mucosa. Ingested Yersinia pseudotuberculosis penetrates the ileal mucosa, localizes in ileocaecal lymph nodes, and produces abscesses and granulomas in the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Diarrhea and abdominal pain in the right lower quadrant with fever may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of appendicitis. Common symptoms in children are : fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea (which is often bloody)
Care in patients with Yersiniosis enterocolitica infection is primarily supportive, with good nutrition and hydration being mainstays of treatment. First-line drugs used against the bacterium include the following agents: Third-generation cephalosporins, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), Tetracyclines, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides etc.
