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The four most common causes of dwarfism in children are achondroplasia, Turner syndrome , inadequate pituitary function (pituitary dwarfism ), and lack of emotional or physical nurturance In children younger than 4 years, death most commonly occurs due to brain stem compression, which causes sudden death.
There is no known way to prevent dwarfism because it results from genetic causes. Short stature as a result of parental neglect can be prevented. Education of the parents on the needs of the child is necessary, or the child may be removed from parental custody.