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Disease Definition: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), also known as fibrous tumor of the pleura, is a rare mesenchymal tumor originating in the pleura or at virtually any site in the soft tissue including seminal vesicle. Approximately 78% to 88% of SFT's are benign and 12% to 22% are malignant. It is a heterogeneous group of rare spindle-cell tumors that include benign and malignant neoplasms. Their cell of origin is still debated. SFT is preferred by most pathologists as a better term than “hemangiopericytoma” that gathers numerous unrelated entities and is presently only employed by neuropathologists. We focus the present paper on the forms of this family of tumors occurring in adult patients. There are 3 typical primary locations: pleural, meningeal and extrathoracic soft tissue.
Disease Symptoms: Patients present with proptosis and possibly ptosis, eyelid swelling, tearing, diplopia or decreased vision. Malignant infiltrating lesions can sometimes cause pain.
Disease Treatment: Because even benign-appearing solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) can be locally recurrent and metastatic, wide resection of both benign and malignant SFTs is recommended. Preoperative vascular studies and arterial embolization should be considered because of the known bleeding risk with resection. Careful exclusion of other diagnoses (eg, synovial sarcoma) is important. Because of the favorable outcome with SFTs, it may be possible to avoid limb-threatening and deforming operations. No evidence suggests that adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial. If the SFTR appears malignant histologically, adjuvant radiation therapy may be considered. Long-term follow-up is recommended because local and distant relapse is possible, even with benign-appearing tumors.
Statistics: 28 patients with a median age of 54 years were included with SFTs originating at different sites, most occurring in the lung and pleura (9, 32%), 5 in soft tissues of the lower extremities (18%) and 5 in the head and neck (18%). For detection of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene, RT-PCR was performed using RNA extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all cases with antibodies against STAT6 and EGR1. All patients were treated by surgery, 3 with adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy. Follow-up data of 18 patients could be obtained of which 2 patients died of metastatic disease 13 months and 52 years after first diagnosis. Sixteen patients have no evidence of disease with a median follow up of 29.5 months (range 7 – 120 months). NAB2-STAT6 fusion transcripts were found in 19/28 cases (68%).