Effect of Supplementation of Experimental Growth Promoters on Broiler Growth Performance

The experiment was conducted on 120 no. day old unisex Vencobb-400 broiler chicks which were divided into six groups consisting of 20 chicks in each group and one group was kept as Control in which the diet was free of acidifier, growth promoter and OA. The feeding and watering troughs were clean and disinfected. The cages were fumigated with formaldehyde and KMnO4 (2:1) three days prior to arrival of chicks. The cages were kept dry, clean, disinfected and well ventilated during the entire experimental periods. One hundred and twenty day-old Vencobb-400 unsexed/straight broiler chicks after weighing were randomly distributed into six groups, each group having 20 birds were subdivided into four replicates and placed in separate battery brooders. One group was maintained as control and other 5 groups were maintained as treatment groups as given in table 1.


Introduction
The present study was conducted on broilers to assess the effect of MOS (Mannan oligosaccharide) and combination of OA (organic acids) and BMD (Bacitracine methylene disalicylate) supplementation on body weight and increase in villi length of different portions of intestine of the broiler birds.

Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted on 120 no. day old unisex Vencobb-400 broiler chicks which were divided into six groups consisting of 20 chicks in each group and one group was kept as Control in which the diet was free of acidifier, growth promoter and OA. The feeding and watering troughs were clean and disinfected. The cages were fumigated with formaldehyde and KMnO 4 (2:1) three days prior to arrival of chicks. The cages were kept dry, clean, disinfected and well ventilated during the entire experimental periods. One hundred and twenty day-old Vencobb-400 unsexed/straight broiler chicks after weighing were randomly distributed into six groups, each group having 20 birds were subdivided into four replicates and placed in separate battery brooders. One group was maintained as control and other 5 groups were maintained as treatment groups as given in table 1.
The experimental chicks were maintained under standard conditions of feeding and management.
All the parameters were analyzed by General Linear Model of SPSS (1997) [1]. The results were expressed as mean and pooled SE of mean (SEM), for studying the effects of organic acid on broilers birds. Levels of significance were calculated by Duncan [2], wherever any significant effects were found. Probability of (P<0.05) was described as significant.

Live body weight
Average body weight of individual birds of each group were recorded at day 1 and repeated at every 10 days interval till 42 days of age. The highest body weight was observed in group T 1 followed by T 3 , T 2 , and T 4 respectively at 4 weeks age. On statistical analysis no significant difference was observed between different treatment groups. At the end of the experimental period significantly higher body weight was recorded in T 1 , T 2 and T 3 groups compared to the other groups ( The birds were weighed after every 10 days and put to test for 42 days, n=4 replicate per treated group, each replicate consisted of 5 birds. The body weights of birds were expressed in Mean ± S.E. Values bearing at least one common superscript within the row did not differ significantly (P>0.05).  It has already been reported that 1% formic acid or 1.45% calcium formate did not affect live weight of broiler chicken [3]. The present study also revealed similar result. It was found out that 80% formic acid and 20% propionic acid mixture added at 1% level to broiler chicken ration did not affect live weight [4]. It has also been reported that formic acid and propionic acid mixture (85% and 15%) added at 1% level to the broiler chicken ration in the initial period did not affect weight gain [5]. Reports have also been made about significant increased in body weight gain with the supplementation of 0.5% lactic acid in drinking water. It was also revealed that increased in body weight with supplementation of lactic acid. The mix of organic acids improved performance of birds [6]. From a dose responsive study, it was concluded (0-0.33%) that MOS @ 0.11%, maximized weight gain in poultry up to 0-8 weeks of age. The result was significantly (P<0.05) better than control group [7]. The same type of effect was found with supplementation of 0.1% MOS on hybrid Tom's body weight gain [8]. A study was conducted in turkeys supplemented with MOS that MOS may be utilized as a alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to improve turkey performance [9,10].

Effect on villus length of different portions of intestine
Birds were sacrificed from each group at 42 days age and their intestines were taken for slide preparation. Slides were prepared by sectioning and staining the tissues from duodenum, jejunum and ileum [11]. The lengths of the intestinal villi were measured by ocular micrometer under 10X objective of microscope. Average of ten readings was taken from each part of intestine. The reading obtained from ocular micrometer was multiplied by conversion factor derived from stage micrometer. Then the lengths of the intestinal villi were expressed as millimeter (mm) and the lengths were converted into micron (µ) value. On statistical analysis, significantly (P<0.01) higher values were observed in treatment groups when compared with control group. Highest villus length in duodenum was observed in T 2 then followed by T 1 , T 3 , T 4 and T 5 and but there was no significant between T 1 and T4 (Table 3).
These findings also in lineage with earlier report [9]. Higher villus height in duodenum, jejunum in small intestine was reported with most organic acidifier in diet of broiler [12]. Again it was reported higher villus height in the ileum with the diet based on organic acidifier compared with diet fed without MOS+organic acidifier [13]. It increases villus height and function of secretion, digestion and absorption of nutrients can be appropriately performed by the mucosa [14].

Conclusion
Supplementation of organic acidifier proves to be a better growth promoter in combination with organic acid salts. It also shows increase in villus height of different parts of small intestine helpful for better absorption and digestion of feed in the gut. So, organic acidifier reduces the growth of many pathogenic and non-pathogenic intestinal bacteria, decreases intestinal colonization and reduces infections process, ultimately decreasing inflammatory process at the intestinal mucosa.