Igi Global Incorporating Business Models and Strategies into Social Entrepreneurship

Description: The rise of unemployment across the globe has created a need for an increase in community-focused business plans and opportunities. Social enterprises have the ability to improve societies through altruistic work to create sustainable work environments for future entrepreneurs and their communities. Incorporating Business Models and Strategies into Social Entrepreneurship combines the latest scholarly research on the challenges and solutions social entrepreneurs face as they address their corporate social responsibility in an effort to redefine the goals of today's enterprises and enhance the potential for growth and change in every community. Readers: This publication is an essential reference source for policymakers, academicians, researchers, advanced-level students, entrepreneurs, and government officials interested in furthering their positive social impact in a business context.


Introduction
This book deals with following concepts business model, business strategy, business growth, business value, and business development. It shows important of human capital, human interaction, human development and human management. Competency mapping, community development and community growth have been highlighted. Role of young blood in social and corporate growth and development were also expressed with some practical example. Value creation, value capturing and social venture has been also defined with some live example. Transition process, transformation process and translation process can be easily understood with the help of this book. This book touch multi-disciplinary domain knowledge and skills like basic management principle along with the concept of strategic management, entrepreneurship, international business, marketing management, law and sociology. If we want to develop one country we have to develop last layer of the country that is poor and needy people we have to educate them, we have to feed them, we have to take care of them, we have to provide quality of life to them that is social welfare and social work can help in it, social entrepreneurship can play vital role to implement our business model and strategies in this purpose. A social entrepreneur have to be positive to teach to community to needy people how to live and how to earn.it is innovative project to integrate all of them for overall growth and continuous development with life safety and security. Social entrepreneurship is social venture that can help in many social problems like poverty, health, pollution, education, and unemployment. The social entrepreneurship process can be explained by focusing on six stages: (1) a pressing social problem is identified and examined; (2) the social entrepreneur responds to the unmet needs of society and sees it as an opportunity to bring about social change; (3) the primary purpose and mission of the social enterprise are identified; (4) programmes are put in place and the opportunity is translated into a social innovation; (5) the performance of the enterprise is evaluated and scaled; and finally (6) income is generated [1].

Few new learning concepts
Social entrepreneurs are considers as change agent of society. Social capital helps to bring social equity .many times social entrepreneurship helps in generating self-employment and woman empowerment. Social entrepreneurship is not charity but it is a solution to a problem. Social entrepreneurs face many problems and challenges as they have to face society, government, community and global conditions they have fight in between charity, responsibility, willpower, goodwill, discipline and chapter.
Creativity and social innovation along with social learning keeps *Corresponding author: Arpita Mehta, Independent Research Scholar, India, Tel: 9860231562; E-mail: amehta0108@gmail.com social entrepreneur alive. The text highlights social entrepreneurial trends in the UK, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia and South Africa. South Africa is highlighted in various chapters due to the various social challenges the country is facing, which includes the wide income and social inequalities, the unemployment rate, the prevalence of HIV/ Aids, lack of decent housing, inadequate access to health care facilities, electricity and water issues, inequalities in education and skills, corruption in the public sector, high income inequalities and high levels of crime [2,3].
It is important to explain to that this book does not much talk about cooperatives and non-profit organizations (NGOs) and their strategies in detail. NGOs were basically established due to the perceptions that governments failed to solve societal problems and due to the failure of the public sector to redistribute resources from taxpayers, individuals and firms to improve the lives of people. NGOs and cooperatives therefore fill market gaps between the private enterprise and the public sector for the benefit of communities and are often referred to as the 'independent sector', 'citizen sector', and 'third sector'. Cooperatives are owned by community members to service local human needs and use local resources, for example the labour of unemployed people in the community to alleviate poverty.
The text, references and details provided by book has major purpose to provide a guidelines in area of social entrepreneurship in both the countries developing and developed countries.it provide expertise, specialize and deep opportunity for future research in the above area.

For whom
This is a book about social entrepreneurship, social marketing, business strategy, business models, entrepreneurial learning, marketing thinking, self-analysis and overall social entrepreneurs' success, which can be useful for the following category of reader:

About the book
Book has well written forwarding letter from Henry Wissink (University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) that support to understand the book in brief. Unemployment and poverty are big issue to think and solve social entrepreneurship can help in it with the help of community development and growth.in the era of global village business model and strategies are need to integrated with entrepreneurship empowerment of community and society with the help of work performed in social enterprise and transformation of social capital can help in solving above global problem. There is a need of big and truly hearted entrepreneurs to bring poor and weak community in front and make them capable to work with flow of society.
Author has included global literature in simple but scientific language. Thinking must be converted into planning and planning must be converted into doing with feedback this is the major theme of the book. This book talk about socially minded business people, global corporation and government policy for society and community, social welfare, schools, health caress for all. This book talks about social entrepreneurship and its growth and development along with benefits and necessities of social driven societies and communities it will bring social welfare, economic change and answer to global poverty. Social entrepreneurship can help to fill the gape between rich and poor. This book can give sustainable growth development and better human world with peace and happiness. At the end of each chapter key terms and definitions are also discussed along with future research direction.
There are four sections in the book namely understanding social entrepreneurship, business models, strategies and global trends .Full book is further divided into sixteen chapters as below  Section one on understanding social entrepreneurship has been discussed before chapter one.

Chapter 1 -Boundaries and Challenges for Social Entrepreneurship
This chapter talks about challenges and boundaries about social entrepreneurship.it also proposed some strategies to adopt to overcome from these challenges and boundaries.it also provide global example for future entrepreneur. Social and economic progress work together. Charity and aid can help to improve quality of life, better education, healthcare along with the social welfare and social work but by this we can subsidies poverty we can't remove poverty. For social economic development with equality we need society level and community level participation, engagement, empowerment. Betterment of poor people, society and community is possible only by facing boundaries and challenges related to social entrepreneurship. Based on content analysis, in-depth literature review and published reports, the chapter findings relate to the strategies which need to be adopted to overcome the challenges. It is also hoped that the global examples would serve as role models for future entrepreneurs.

Chapter 2 -Creating Social Value in Societies
Social entrepreneurs have to understand that it is important to have social values for successful social entrepreneurship and social enterprise. Business model along with the social values can enhance image of social enterprise. social value creation means focusing on the essential business/social inputs, social value forms, platforms, stakeholders' involvement, locations, timing, outcomes and the social value appraisal systems. The United Kingdom is used as a case study.

Key learning
• Collective responsibility  Section two on business models have been discussed after chapter one and two

Chapter 3 -Designing Business Models for Creating and Capturing Shared Value: An Activity-System Perspective
It identifies a framework for designing business models that enable the creation and capturing of shared value. Using the shared value framework proposed by Porter and Kramer the authors proposes three design themes, namely the Product-Market Design (PMD), the Value Chain Design (VCD) and the Social Cluster Design (SCD).

Chapter 4 -Business Models for Social Entrepreneurs
It proposes business models by identifying models that are used by Zimbabwean women.

Chapter 7 -Marketing in Social Ventures
It explains challenges, issues, opportunity and problems social entrepreneurs, social enterprise, and social venture face with reference to marketing. Social venture and social enterprise have different marketing context. Suggestions to overcome from these challenges are also provided in this chapter.

Chapter 8 -Marketing for Social Entrepreneurship
Here marketing and social entrepreneurship both are interacting. How to markets social venture? Developing marketing strategies for social entrepreneurship. Identifying drivers and factors for the social entrepreneurship with special reference to marketing. Understanding customer needs for social entrepreneurship. Authors provide various suggestions to solve problem and issues relates to marketing with the help of various tools like strategic marketing planning ,marketing audit, the mapping out of the strategic direction and collaborative or competitive strategies for social ventures. Other tools were also Introduce like segmentation, targeting, positioning, communication etc that can promote innovation and efficacy that can finally help to work with limited resources in quality manner.

Chapter 9 -The Youth and Social Entrepreneurship
It deals with young blood and employment opportunity.it provides an overview of balance between very viable opportunities in a volatile economy and social entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurism involves drive, perseverance, emotional intelligence and risk taking.

Key learning
• Community skills developmental training

Chapter 10 -Nurturing Social Entrepreneurship and Building Social Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy: Focusing on Primary and Secondary Schooling to Develop Future Social Entrepreneurs
It focuses on promoting social entrepreneurship education at school level in order to generate young entrepreneurs at early age. Several benefits were identified at early age entrepreneurship due to self-efficacy. The author has identified the need for designing and developing curriculum with entrepreneurial education program. Barriers to social entrepreneurship education program are also discussed.

Key learning
• Curriculum development and building entrepreneurial selfefficacy • Entrepreneurial self-efficacy at young age  Section four on global trends have been discussed after chapters 5, 6,7,8,9 and 10

Chapter 11 -The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in the Global Business Environments
It explains various practical and theoretical aspects of social

Chapter 12 -The Advent of Social Entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia: Empirical Evidence from Selected Social Initiatives
This chapter explains various social initiatives taken by several actors in area of social entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. The author chooses to study a specific context: the Saudi context; then, presents the context of social entrepreneurship, the existing Saudi ecosystem and selected social entrepreneurial initiatives undertaken by several stakeholders. These initiatives are reviewed and some inclusive business models are discovered.

Chapter 13 -The Social Economy and Role of Government in South Africa
This chapter deals with how government of South Africa and social entrepreneurship are working together. How plan, policy, strategy and action are coming in real life with continuous feedback. How social development along with the national development taking place. Chapter defines and uses the role of social economy in detail. Social economy is a new world, It plays significant roles in socio-economic and political spheres of any nation,. This chapter talks about global recession and economic depression. Chapter also explains how social economy has help in implementation of government policies and national development plan and regulatory framework to ensure to achieve Millennium Development Goals during global recession and economic depression.

Key learning
• Economic depression

Chapter 14 -Exploring Social Entrepreneurship for the Creation of Sustainable Livelihoods in South Africa
This chapter deals with sustainable growth and development. Strategic business model well work with social entrepreneurship. Legal framework, livelihoods and integrated development are key drives for social entrepreneurship. The concept of social entrepreneurship is very well known in the world but still in South Africa it is in early stage. There are many reasons behind this few of them are limited resources, lack of interest, extreme inequality, high poverty levels and unemployment, a weak Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise (SMME) sector, fragmented communities and an economic system that needs to strengthen both social and economic development. In this chapter a model has been develop for social entrepreneurship in South Africa.

Key learning
• Different Forms of Social Enterprises

Chapter 15 -Legal Empowerment as Social Entrepreneurship: The KwaZulu-Natal Cases of Bulwer and New Hanover
This chapter explains relationship of social entrepreneurship and law in Africa. How legal empowerment and social entrepreneurship work together in Africa. This interaction innovatively contribute self-determined community development, democratic governance etc. Legal justice, legal remedies and legal principles well work with social entrepreneurship that has been explained. The main purpose of understanding interaction of social entrepreneurship and legal empowerment is to examine interaction of social actions by community based-paralegal practice in rural KwaZulu-Natal. Empirical evidence shows that community-based paralegals generate legal empowerment as social entrepreneurship and such service delivery advances rural women empowerment. Self-empowerment, positive theory, is more powerful. Business model should be incorporated in social entrepreneurship and legal empowerment at all level like justice, remedies and principles etc.

Chapter 16 -A Discussion on Social Entrepreneurship in South Africa: A Look at Why Social Entrepreneurship Offers Opportunity to Strengthen Civil Society and Fast Track Socio-Economic Development in South Africa
This chapter explores literature on social entrepreneurship and civil society in South Africa. In this chapter author has discussed social entrepreneurship condition in South Africa. This chapter explains how socio-economic values have been integrated with social entrepreneurship. Strength and opportunities with special reference to social entrepreneurship in South Africa have been highlighted .Socioeconomic change is the key to success. Weaknesses of present system were explained in order to discover that social entrepreneurship can play vital role to bring social values in the system to overcome the weakness. A win-win situation has been introduced to present a solution to dissolve present weakness and problems and to identify efforts made by all parties.

Key learning • A Brief Outline of the Socio-Economic Context in South Africa
• A Look at the Current Health of South Africa's Civil Society

About the Contributors
Ziska Fields is an Academic Leader and Lecturer at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. She is passionate about developing entrepreneurial skills in students and to support them to start their own ventures. She taught the following Postgraduate entrepreneurship modules: The enterprise environment, Contemporary issues in entrepreneurship and Elements of Entrepreneurship. She also taught the following Honours entrepreneurship modules: Entrepreneurship and economic development, Entrepreneurship, innovation and venture creation and Entrepreneurship and small business development. Her research interests focus on creativity and innovation specifically in tertiary education, business environments, entrepreneurship and research. She also developed two theoretical models to measure creativity in South Africa, focusing on the youth and tertiary education specifically. She has published in international recognised journals such as the Journal of Social Sciences. Recent publications have looked at measuring creativity in various contexts. Dr. Fields is also a member of the South African Institute of Management (SAIM).