Journal of Medical Diagnostic Methods
Open Access

Abstract

Rare Extramedullary Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Manifested as Granulocytic Sarcoma of the Breast: Imaging Findings and Pathology Correlation

Limin Yang, Jeong Mi Park, Ryan W. Askeland and Laurie L. Fajardo

We present two cases of granulocytic sarcoma of the breast in women who had a prior history of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Both patients presented with a palpable breast mass (one patient with a right breast mass and the other patient with bilateral breast masses) within one year following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for AML. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the breast masses showed granulocytic sarcoma, a rare tumor without obvious primary bone marrow involvement. Reports of bilateral breast involvement with granulocytic sarcoma following allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for AML are rare. Granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a new palpable breast mass in patients with a history of malignant hematologic tumor treated by allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.