Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology

Abstract

Bacteriuria and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns among People Living with HIV Attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized and Zewditu Memorial Hospital ART Clinics, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Genet Molla Fenta, Melese Hailu Legese and Gebru Mulugeta Weldearegay

Background: Urinary tract infections are major causes of morbidity in people living with HIV. Hence the study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns among people living with HIV.

Method: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted from April to June 2015. A total of 297 and153 participants were from Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, respectively. First morning urine samples were collected and cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar. Culture positives were characterized by Gram stain and standard biochemical tests and Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates. Chi-square test was used to see the relation between dependent variables and independent variables. P-value <0.05 were taken as statistically significance. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Result: Overall prevalence of bacteriuria was 11.3% (n=51/450). Isolated bacteria from HAART naïve and on HAART participants were 7% (n=9/131) and 13% (n=42/319) respectively. E. coli 25(49%), S. aureus 10(19.6%) and Enterococcus species 7 (13.7%) were the predominant isolated bacteria. The highest proportion of bacteria were isolated from patients having a CD4 count of less than 500 cells/mm3 (22.5%; n=38/169). Most bacterial isolates were sensitive to amikacin (100%), ceftriaxone (96%); resistant to ampicillin (81%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (71%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (61%). Multiple drug resistance was 78.4% (n=40/51). Gram positives and gram negatives accounts 65% (n=13/20) and 87% (n=27/31) of multiple drug resistance level respectively.

Conclusion: HAART users with low CD4 counts were more frequently infected with urinary pathogens compared with HAART naïve who had higher CD4 counts. More than three quarters of all isolated bacteria were resistant to two or more commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs. Thus, regular monitoring of bacteriuria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among this group of individuals is recommended to provide effective therapy and thereby prevent renal complications.