Biosensors & Bioelectronics

Biosensors: Their Fundamentals, Designs, Types and Most Recent Impactful Applications: A Review

Abstract

Jazib Ali1*, Jawayria Najeeb2, Muhammad Asim Ali1, Muhammad Farhan Aslam1 and Ali Raza1

Biosensors are the devices that capture the biological signal and convert it into a detectable electrical signal. It involves the combination of biological entities like DNA, RNA, and proteins/enzymes to the electrochemical transducers in order to detect and observe certain biological analytes like antibody-antigen interaction. Several types of biosensors have been known that have been successfully employed in the fields of environment, biomedical and food industries to detect and remove certain contaminants, weather non-living or living entities. Amperometric, Optical, Surface Plasmon Resonance, enzymatic, DNA, Phage, and bacterial sensors are the common sensors being employed today. These biosensors can be used for the detection of the broad spectrum of biological analytes and have shown greater responses and success in medical laboratories, food bioanalysis, microbial detection etc. Detection of the lower or higher limits of glucose in body, microbial invasion in body and food, heavy metals detection in soil, water and air-borne microbes, pesticides in water and soil and various harmful chemicals produced by body, can be easily and timely monitored with high precision using the different types of biosensors with few modifications.