Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for revolutionizing drug delivery, particularly in enhancing oral bioavailability and achieving controlled release of therapeutic agents. Traditional drug formulations face numerous challenges, including poor solubility, limited stability and inefficient absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, which can significantly affect drug efficacy and patient compliance. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions by harnessing the unique properties of nanoscale materials to overcome these limitations and improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of orally administered drugs. At the forefront of nanotechnology-based drug formulations are nanoparticles, which are typically in the range of 1-1000 nanometers in size. These nanoparticles can be fabricated from a variety of materials, including polymers, lipids and inorganic compounds, each offering distinct advantages in terms of drug loading capacity, biocompatibility and tunable release kinetics.
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