Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Open Access

Abstract

Effect of Eyewash Solution (Commercial Washing Solution) on the Corneal Epithelium: Adverse Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on the Eye Surface

Masanori Iwashita, Dogru Murato, Hiroko Yano, Yasuko Santo, Manabu Nozaki and Hiroshi Fujishima

Purpose: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in eye washing in healthy individuals due to pollinosis and an increase in the number of people wearing contact lenses. Previously, commercial eyewash solutions contained a preservative (benzalkonium chloride [BAK]) that was shown to be associated with epithelium disorders. However, currently, a reduction in corneal epithelium disorders is assumed to be due to the popularization of eyewash solutions lacking BAK (over-the counter drugs).
Methods: We performed a comparative study between current eyewash solutions and those utilized in the past, and examined the effects of BAK on the cornea in both rabbit and human eyes.
Results: Eyewash solutions containing BAK were associated with corneal epithelium disorders and collapse of the mucin layer in the cornea. However, eyewash solutions lacking BAK were not associated with corneal epithelium disorders and did not affect the mucin layer.
Conclusion: The study highlights the adverse effects of a preservative and the safety of eyewash solutions not containing a preservative.