Journal of Pollution Effects & Control
Open Access

Abstract

Effects of Crude Oil Contamination under the Controlled Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Water in Khurmala and Guwayar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Jadoon S, Amin AA, Malik A and Khalel H

During the last couple of decades, the economic sector related to hydrocarbon resources has been one of the most attractive for investors. As a result of different exploration activities for crude oil, ecosystems in general and the aquatic ecosystem in particular have suffered a huge disadvantage. These industrial activities have increased the risk of water contamination and have caused serious problems for water environmental systems and their species. The intent of this paper is to introduce promising ways for solving contamination problems of aquatic environment. Although our approach is simple, but it can help to achieve a considerable change in the contamination ranks. Our study proposes an easy method to decrease the crude oil pollution by using different instrumental techniques to investigate the percentages of pollution under a control condition contamination process by checking the concentration of different cations like (calcium Ca+2, sodium Na+, potassium K+), anions like (chloride Cl-, nitrate NO3 - , sulphate SO4 -2), heavy metals like (Pb+2) , and different quality measurements such as, ionic composition, hydrogen ion concentration (PH), total dissolved solid (TDS) mg/L, and electron conductivity (EC) μS/cm of water samples collected from Darbandikhan reservoir, and crude oil samples collected from Khurmala oil field located between Erbil and Kirkuk Province. After careful investigations, it is concluded that except Pb+2 and TDS, rest of the data are at the permissible limits. The record of ranges of these data for both river (samples) and drinking water (samples) were respectively Ca+2 (1-4.5) mg/L, Na+ (2.-13) ppm, K+(0.47-0.89) mg/L, Pb+2 (0.434-1.166) mg/L, Cl- (0.0009-1.5) mg/l, SO4 -2 (40.8-87.9) mg/l, NO3 - (2.29-4.65) mg/L, EC (0-1697) μS/cm, Hardness(0.000096-0.02) mg/L, TDS(0-780.6) mg/L. Ca+2 (4.2-4.5) mg/L, Na+(6.9-7) mg/L, K+(0.07-0.15) mg/L, Pb+2 (1.16-1.24) ppm, Cl- (0.0011-0.125) ppm, SO4 -2 (79.15-87.9) mg/L, NO3 - (1.50-4.58) mg/L, EC (0-199.7) μS/cm, Hardness (0.00023-0.002) mg/L, PH (6.6-7) mg/L. tstat