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Hindi Global Urban River Microbial Contamination Crisis
*Corresponding Author:Received Date: Sep 02, 2025 / Accepted Date: Sep 30, 2025 / Published Date: Sep 30, 2025
Citation: Okafor DC (2025) Global Urban River Microbial Contamination Crisis. awbd 14: 315.DOI: 10.4172/2167-7719.1000315
Copyright: © 2025 Dr. Chinedu Okafor This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
This compilation explores extensive microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance in urban rivers globally. Studies reveal high levels of fecal coliforms, E. coli, and pathogenic bacteria in rivers like the Bagmati, Ganga, and Yellow River, posing significant human health risks. Rivers act as critical dissemination points for multi-drug resistant bacteria and their genes, particularly influenced by urban, agricultural, and hospital wastewater. Research employs advanced techniques for source tracking and understanding seasonal impacts. The findings consistently emphasize an urgent need for enhanced wastewater management, public health interventions, and integrated strategies to mitigate microbial pollution and safeguard both human and ecosystem health.
