Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics

Hypertension in Black Africans with Autosomal Polycystic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Sidy Mohamed Seck*,Mouhamadou Moustapha Cisse,Elhadj Fary Ka,Ibrahima Diallo,Serigne Gueye,Abdou Niang,Boucar Diouf

Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) that is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in black African populations and is frequently associated to autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study aimed to describe prevalence and severity of HBP in black Africans with ADPKD and to identify associated risk factors. Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective study of 65 ADPKD patients regularly followed in outpatient nephrology clinic between 1995 and 2009. ADPKD was diagnosed according to recent unified criteria (2009). Statistical analyses were done with SPSS 16.0. Results: We included 65 patients (36 males and 29 females) with a mean age of 47 ± 5 years. Hypertension was found in 73.8 % of patients and it preceded diagnosis of ADPKD in 23 patients (median delay of 28 months). Mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 168 ± 30 /96 ± 16 mm Hg respectively. All hypertensive patients presented retinopathy and left ventricular hypertrophy. Two patients presented stroke. Fifty one percent of patients were treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors alone and 29% received combinations of anti-hypertensive drugs. One third of them had their blood pressure normalized. Patients with HBP at diagnosis showed a similar proportion of ESRD in comparison with normotensive patients (p=0.12). At univariate analysis, HBP was correlated with age, gender, BMI, GFR and proteinuria. Multiple regression analysis identified age (OR=1.95, p=0.05) and glomerular filtration rate (OR=2.33, p=0.001) as independently associated to HBP. Conclusion: Hypertension with organ damage is frequent in Senegalese patients with ADPKD. Age and glomerular filtration rate at diagnosis were the main risk factors of HBP identified in our patients.