Environment Pollution and Climate Change
Open Access

Research Article

Association of Passive and Active Smoking with Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Children and Adults Resided in a City of Japan

¹Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan

²Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan

³Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1, Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan

⁴Muroran Health Center, 1-4, Kaigan-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 051-8555, Japan

⁵Department of Health and Welfare, Muroran City, 4-20, Higashi-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-0083, Japan

⁶Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Satomi 2-10, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0055, Japan

*Corresponding Author:

Mitsuru Mori
Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation
Satomi 2-10, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0055, Japan
Tel: +81-11- 611-2111
E-mail: m-mori@chitose-reha.ac.jp

Received date: June 07, 2017; Accepted date: June 26, 2017; Published date: June 30, 2017

Citation: Sato T, Oura A, Yoshida H, Ohira Y, Itoh Y, et al. (2017) Association of Passive and Active Smoking with Elevated Blood Lead Levels Among Children and Adults Resided in a City of Japan. Environ Pollut Climate Change 1:131. doi:10.4172/2573-458X.1000131

Copyright: © 2017 Sato T, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

There were no previous reports assessing the effect of tobacco smoke on blood lead levels (BLLs) simultaneously in children and adults in Japan. We investigated the association of passive and active smoking with BLLs in children and adults among the general population in Hokkaido, Japan. One hundred seventy-seven persons (78 males, 99 females) participated in the survey in May, 2014. Age groups of subjects younger than 18 years (age group A) and subjects older than or equal to 18 years (age group B) were designated. The median value of the BLLs was used for us to divide into two groups, such as high and low BLL groups. Age and sex adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence levels (CLs) were estimated with analysis of the logistic regression model. BLLs in age group B were significantly higher than age group A (p=0.023). In age group A, the proportion of subjects living with habitual smokers other than parents in the household was significantly higher in the high BLL group than in the low BLL group (p=0.019). In age group B, currently habitual smoking was significantly associated with increased risk being in the high BLL group (OR=3.17, 95% CL, 1.28-7.86). A duration of smoking longer than or equal to 20 years was significantly associated with increased risk of being in the high BLL group (OR=2.73, 95% CL, 1.07-6.94), BLL is higher in older persons than in younger persons. Active and passive smoking may be associated with high BLLs in adults and children, respectively.

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