Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques

Biosurfactant; Lipopeptides; Solid state fermentation; FTIR; Production and extraction

Abstract

Gunjan Gautam, Vishwas Mishra, Payal Verma, Ajay Kumar Pandey and Sangeeta Negi

The current work is enlightened about a cost effective bioprocess using one factor at a time approach for the production of bio-surfactant through solid state fermentation. A fungal strain Penicillium chrysogenum SNP5 isolated from grease contaminated soil was reconnoitered for the production of bio-surfactant. Various physiochemical parameters i.e., substrate composition, nitrogen supplements, extraction media and pH were optimized in order to optimized the production in terms of emulsification index and oil displacement assay. Maximum oil displacement area produced using grease waste and wheat bran (1:1 w/w), waste cooking oil and wheat bran (1:1 v/w) as a substrate were 3.5 cm and 5 cm, respectively. Whereas, considered values for emulsification activity with oil and diesel were 43% and 22% during optimization of substrate composition. Variable ratios of grease waste and wheat bran were capable to enhance the emulsification activity with oil and diesel up to 45% and 24% in presence of grease and wheat bran (1.5:1). The strain also showed enhancement of emulsification activity 45% and 23% with oil and diesel respectively to utilized yeast extract as a nitrogen source and the highest emulsification activity 38% in diesel, 47% in oil and oil displacement 5.5 cm was found at pH 8 with grease and wheat bran as a substrate. Preliminary characterizations by thin layer chromatography showed that the bio-surfactant was lipopeptide in nature and was also confirmed through FTIR analysis. Metabolization of industrial grease waste through solid state fermentation has never been reported before for the production of biosurfactants therefore would be applicable in petroleum and biodiesel industry. The partially purified biosurfactants was further investigated for antimicrobial activity and enhanced oil recovery. It displayed effective zones of inhibition against both gram +ve (1.67 cm) and gram –ve (1.93 cm) as well as 16.5% enhanced recovery of oil. Both results also give a positive support to its role in pharmaceuticals as well as in petroleum and oil industry.