Clinical & Experimental Cardiology
Open Access

Abstract

Congenital Heart Defects in Adults : A Field Guide for Cardiologists

Anitra Romfh, Francesca Romana Pluchinotta, Prashob Porayette, Anne Marie Valente and Stephen P. Sanders

Advances in cardiology and cardiac surgery allow a large proportion of patients with congenital heart defects to survive onto adulthood. These patients frequently develop complications characteristic of the defect or its treatment. Consequently, adult cardiologist participating in the care of these patients needs a working knowledge of the more common defects. Occasionally, patients with congenital heart defects such as atrial septal defect, Ebstein anomaly or physiologically corrected transposition of the great arteries present for the first time in adulthood. More often patients previously treated in pediatric cardiology centers have transitioned to adult congenital heart disease centers for ongoing care. Some of the more important defects in this category are tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, functionally single ventricle defects, and coarctation. Through this field guide, we provide an overview of the anatomy of the selected defects commonly seen in an adult congenital practice using pathology specimens and clinical imaging studies. In addition, we describe the physiology, clinical presentation to the adult cardiologist, possible complications, treatment options, and outcomes.