Anatomy & Physiology: Current Research
Open Access

Abstract

New Trends in Assisted Reproduction Techniques: Cryopreservation, In vitro Fertilization, Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection and Physiological Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Fahiel Casillas, Socorro Retana-Márquez, Yvonne Ducolomb and Miguel Betancourt

Since that historically the first human birth was registered through in vitro fertilization in 1978, the improvement and creation of new assisted reproduction techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection and physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection have become of great importance nowadays. Louise Brown was the first baby conceived through in vitro fertilization in England. Since then, several worldwide studies have reported human and domestic animals outcomes. This fact has solved human fertility problems creating new ways of conceiving. Before the success with in vitro fertilization, other assisted reproduction techniques such as cryopreservation were developed. Spermatozoa were the first mammalian cells to be cryopreserved. These events revolutionized all the research in the field of reproductive biology. However, in terms of cryopreservation, intense work needs to be intended since low recovery rates are still reported. The improvement of vitrification-warming procedures is highly important in order to increase embryo development and outcomes. In domestic species, porcine oocytes are the most sensitive cells during vitrification. The future of vitrification success is promising; therefore cryobiologists have a commitment in the field of assisted reproduction. The aim of this review was the acknowledgement of the current status of assisted reproduction techniques, its application, progress and future prospects.