Mouetaz Kheirallah and Hassan Almeshaly
A critical size bone defect may arise due to severe trauma or tumors where a large portion of the bone is removed. In some instances, autografts cannot be used for filling such large defects. Allografts may be used to reconstruct large bone defects, but these grafts may not incorporate in the healing response. Consequently, it is still a challenge for reconstructive surgery to reconstruct large bone defects. A variety of treatment strategies have been progressed to promote the healing response and close the bone defects. Micro and nano particles (MNPs) technology is a newer option than traditional grafts, which may defeat many limitations of the bone graft usage. However, there are still no well approved treatment strategies to override all the expected requirements. Due to the existence of variety strategies for treatment of critical size bone defects, this impartial review, highlights on the techniques and strategies that have been accomplished to anatomize the complicated treatment problems of large bone defect healing, the limitations of therapeutic relevant biodegradable materials, and service the regeneration of large bone defects.
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