Hooi Ling Ho and Ke Li Heng
Objective: Extracellular xylanase is produced by several microorganisms mainly from bacterial species such as Bacillus spp. The advances knowledge in the aspect of biochemistry, physiology and genetics of Bacillus spp especially B. subtilis play an important role, giving its huge impact for developing the optimisation of xylanase production. As a result, B. subtilis is widely adopted as a vital model as the producer of industrial xylanase. In this context, the aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of different cost-effective undefined medium of agricultural extracts using soybean hull as part of medium composition on xylanase production by B. subtilis under submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SsF).
Methods: In the present study, in order to elucidate the optimum carbon source, the culture of B. subtilis ATCC 6633 was grown under the optimised growth conditions in the medium containing soybean hull with agricultural extracts as carbon source including wheat bran, rice bran, palm kernel cake, barley husk, corn cob, sawdust and pineapple peel under SmF and SsF in shake flasks culture, respectively.
Results: Based on our results, it was found that the highest xylanase activity of 11.968 ± 1.419 U/mL was achieved in the presence of wheat bran and soybean hull after 48-h of SmF. The production of xylanase increased to 18.875 ± 0.569 U/mL using pineapple peel and soybean hull, thus becoming the most efficient substrate for SsF.
Conclusion: We concluded that SsF was considerately a potential fermentation method for the production of xylanase. This research presents the overview study of xylanase production by B. subtilis using cheap alternative agricultural extracts such as wheat bran and pineapple peel with the future prospects of large scale xylanase production. Indeed, due to the economical production of xylanase, this enzyme could be used as an effective ecofriendly bio-bleaching agent in various industries especially pulp and paper.
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