The Human Hand and Foot in Evolution and Art: The Effects of Wearing Footwear
Received Date: Mar 12, 2018 / Accepted Date: Mar 27, 2018 / Published Date: Apr 04, 2018
Abstract
The structures of the human hands and feet are shaped by evolution and its effects on the brain, skeleton and other structures, and on behavior. We used measurements obtained of hands and feet from living humans in Europe, the Americas (South and North) and Australia and images of hands and feet in cave art, paintings, and photographs obtained from the Web including some from Africa. We used the ratios of the third finger/width of hand and second toe/width of foot. We hypothesized that hand ratios would not have changed over millennia whereas, because of the use of footwear and mechanical locomotion, the ratios obtained from feet could have changed significantly. Here we report that statistical analyses and modeling confirmed our initial hypothesis.
Keywords: Hands; Feet; Spine; Footwear
Citation: Qualls C, Evans P, Perciaccante A, Bianucci R, Lippi D, et al. (2018) The Human Hand and Foot in Evolution and Art: The Effects of Wearing Footwear . J Biom Biostat 9: 398. Doi: 10.4172/2155-6180.1000394
Copyright: © 2018 Qualls C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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