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Hindi Waterborne Pathogens: Resistance, Persistence, Health Risk
*Corresponding Author:Received Date: Sep 02, 2025 / Accepted Date: Sep 30, 2025 / Published Date: Sep 30, 2025
Citation: Rahman DL (2025) Waterborne Pathogens: Resistance, Persistence, Health Risk. awbd 14: 312.DOI: 10.4172/2167-7719.1000312
Copyright: © 2025 Dr. Laila Rahman This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Aquatic environments globally serve as significant reservoirs for diverse pathogens, including protozoa, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and viruses. These microorganisms employ survival strategies like biofilm formation and viable but non-culturable states, enabling persistence despite environmental stressors and disinfection. Key concerns involve Cryptosporidium and Giardia in fresh waters, antimicrobial resistance in urban rivers, and Legionella in engineered systems. Environmental factors, including climate change, amplify pathogen survival and transmission. Emerging issues like microplastics further facilitate pathogen dissemination. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is crucial for safeguarding public health and ensuring water safety globally.
