Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences
Open Access

Dynamic of human adipose tissues and ectopic fat deposits induced by different lifestyle interventions: a long-term MRI randomized trial

10^th World Congress on Nutrition & Food Sciences

May 29-31, 2017 Osaka, Japan

Iris Shai

Ben Gurion University, Israel

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Nutr Food Sci

Abstract :

Background: It remains unclear whether specific lifestyle strategies can differentially mobilize fat depots/ectopic-fat-deposits. Methods: During an 18-month trial in an isolated workplace with monitored, provided lunch, we randomly assigned participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidemia to iso-caloric low-fat (LF) or low-carbohydrate/Mediterranean(LC/MED) diets. After 6 months, we re-randomized half of each arm to moderately-intense physical-activity (PA+;80%-aerobic; free gym membership). We performed whole-body magnetic-resonance-imaging (3-Tesla-MRI) at 0,6,18 months. Results: Of 278 randomized participants [age= 48 yr; 88% men; body-mass-index= 30.8kg/m2) 86.3% completed the trial. While the caloric deficit was similar, the LF group preferentially decreased saturated/unsaturated fats (p<0.001), and the LC/MED decreased carbohydrates (p<0.001) and trans-fat intake (p=0.029 vs. other diet). The PA+ group increased their MET/wk (p=0.009 vs. PA-). Fat depots/deposits were significantly reduced to different degrees [Hepatic: (-32%); deep-subcutaneous-adipose-tissue (SAT): (-29%); visceral-adipose-tissue (VAT): (-25%); superficial-SAT: (-19%) and intra-pericardial: (-14% (-25mL))], with lesser changes of renal: (-9%); intermuscular: (-2%) and pancreatic-fat: (-1%). Although weight loss was comparable, LC/MEDPA+ favorably reduced waistcircumference (p<0.05), and induced -14% further loss of intra-pericaridal; p=0.003, -4% VAT; p=0.037 and -1.9% pancreatic-fat; p=0.007, compared to LFPA- changes (reference-group; weight-loss-adjusted for all). LC/MED decreased hepatic fat beyond LF diet by -15%; p=0.044. Conversely, renal-sinus and femoral-intermuscular fat dynamics were similarly altered by lifestyle strategies. VAT and intrahepatic fat loss associated with an improved lipid profile, and deep-SAT loss with improved glycemic control. Conclusions: Human depots/ectopic-fat-deposits are substantially variable in their capacity to respond to different long-term moderate weight-loss strategies. LC/MED diet, particularly with PA, can favorably enhance fat mobilization in several depots. These findings may suggest defined lifestyle protocols for targeting specific fat storage sites.

Biography :

Email: irish@bgu.ac.il