Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology

Selection of aptamers against cell surface biomarkers in cancer diagnosis

Arghya Sett and Utpal Bora

: Agrotechnol

Abstract:

Nucleic acid aptamers can be selected from pool of randomly sequenced oligonucleotides to bind a wide range of biomedically significant proteins with high affinities and specificities that are comparable to antibodies. While efforts to identify disease- specific biomarkers using a variety of technologies has increased, effective use of disease-specific biomarkers is still scarce. Additionally, it is straight forward to conjugate aptamers to other agents without losing their affinity and they have successfully been used in vitro and in vivo to deliver drugs, siRNA, nanoparticles or contrast agents to target cells. Hence, aptamers identified against cell surface biomarkers represent a promising class of ligands to detect specific type of cancer cells. Specific Cell-SELEX method has been developed to identify aptamers for cell surface associated proteins as well as some of the methods that are used to study their binding to living cells. In contrast to conventional methods, the novelty of cell-SELEX-based biomarker discovery is rooted in its focus on finding specific cell membrane markers. Moreover, cell- SELEX does not require any prior knowledge on the molecular contents of the cell surface. Trillions of random DNA sequences in the initial DNA library, combined with the unique negative selection strategy, ensures that any disease marker molecules on cell membranes can be recognized whether they are known or unknown to us. Provided the molecules in question are expressed in a substantially different way on diseased and normal cells, they can be identified. In addition, the aptamers generated during this process can serve as high-affinity and specific probes for the identified biomarkers. This will be great advancement in future diagnostic applications for cancer therapy

Biography :

Arghya Sett completed his MTech in Biotechnology from VIT University. He is currently pursuing his PhD in Dept. of Biotechnology, IIT Guwahati. His current research interest is in development of novel molecular marker based breast cancer diagnostics