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- Ablation Surgery
- Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Advanced Medications for Atherosclerosis
- Angina Pectoris
- Angiogenesis
- Angiography
- Aortic Dissection
- Aortic Valve Replacement
- Arrhythmia
- Arrhythmia management
- Arrhythmia medications
- Atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis Diagnosis
- Atherosclerosis Pathology
- Atherosclerosis Research
- Atherosclerosis Statistics
- Atherosclerosis Surgery
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Atrial arrhythmia
- Benign arrhythmia
- Bypass Surgery
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Cardiac Surgery
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Cardiac biomarkers
- Cardiomyopathy
- Cardiopulmonary Arrhythmia
- Cardiovascular Diseases
- Carotid Stenosis
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Echocardiography
- Endocarditis
- Endothelial Dysfunction Atherosclerosis
- Etiology of Atherosclerosis
- Fetal arrhythmia
- Heart Ablation
- Heart Attack
- Heart Diseases
- Heart Failure
- Heart Murmurs
- Heart Stent
- Heart Transplants
- Heart arrhythmia treatment
- Homocysteine in Atherosclerosis
- Intracranial Atherosclerosis
- Invasive Cardiology
- Obesity and Atherosclerosis
- Occlusive Coronary Atherosclerosis
- Open Heart Surgery
- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Renal Atherosclerosis
- Sudden Cardiac arrest
- Vascular Atherosclerosis
- Vascular Surgery
Bradycardia
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Bradycardia, also known as bradyarrhythmia, is a slow heart rate, namely, a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.It is a type of cardiac arrhythmia. It seldom results in symptoms until the rate drops below 50 BPM
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Bradycardia can cause dizziness, weakness, lack of energy or fainting spells.If bradycardia is caused by a medical illness, there will be additional symptoms that are specific to that illness. For example, people whose bradycardia is due to severe hypothyroidism also can have constipation, muscle cramps, weight gain (often despite poor appetite), very dry skin, hair that is thin and dry, an abnormal sensitivity to cold temperatures and other symptoms related to low levels of thyroid hormones.
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Patients have numerous concerns, such as body image issues. There will be an incision in the upper chest, perhaps some discolouration of the skin and a lump which may be visible depending on what you wear. In women there are intimacy issues with upper chest device implants and usually consider a submammary location. -
Preoperatively hypotension developed in 85 patients (2.8%), and bradycardia in 54 patients (4.5%). Intraoperatively, hypotension was observed in 380 patients (31.6%), and bradycardia in 153 patients (12.7%). Hypotension and bradycardia were not influenced by the type of surgical procedure, the type of maintenance of general anaesthesia (inhalational versus total intravenous general anaesthesia) and the level of epidural block (lumbar versus thoracic); but they were more frequent in patients with ASA physical status II and III-IV compared to patients with ASA physical status I (p < 0.05). Prophylactic volume preload decreased the incidence of hypotension from 41.5% to 22.4% (p < 0.0001), while prophylactic atropine before epidural block did not affect the incidence of bradycardia. Patients receiving epidural clonidine showed an increased incidence of intraoperative bradycardia compared to those who did not receive it (p < 0.0001).Randomized, controlled studies should be advocated in order to compare the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia during integrated anaesthesia and during epidural block alone. Our results demonstrated that the use of integrated epidural/general anaesthesia produces an incidence of perioperative hypotension and bradycardia similar to that reported when central blocks are used alone