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Pathophysiology
Undescended testicle (or Cryptorchidism) is a condition seen in newborns when one or both of the male testes have not passed down into the scrotal sac. Cryptorchidism is more commonly seen in premature males because the testes do not descend from the abdomen to the scrotal sac until the seventh month of fetal development.
Disease statistics
30% of premature babies have at least one undescended testes. Some of the testes may descend even after birth, but this usually happens in the first 3-4 months. Testes that do not descend till one year will not descend and need to be treated.
Disease treatment
It may include: Hormonal therapy- Hormone injections like (B-HCG or testosterone) to try to bring the testicle into the scrotum and is not usually recommended because it is much less effective than surgery, and Surgical repair- To bring the testicle into the scrotum and can be done either with a laparoscope or with open surgery.
Major research
Research has found that long-term smokers (people who have been smoking a pack of 20 cigarettes a day for 12 years or 10 cigarettes a day for 24 years) are twice more likely to develop testicular cancer than non-smokers.