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Pathophysiology
Ureteral Obstruction is structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, sometimes leading to renal dysfunction (obstructive nephropathy). Ureteral obstruction can be classified as intraluminal or extraluminal. Intraluminal causes include kidney stones, blood clots and scarring; these conditions usually cause unilateral obstruction and Extraluminal causes include several conditions related to enlarged masses that place pressure on the ureter and create obstructions.
Disease statistics
Vesicoureteral junction obstruction requiring ureteral reimplantation developed in 6 ureters (0.7%) and in 4 (0.5%) required stent insertion. Twenty-three patients (3.8%) suffered afebrile urinary tract infection. Seven (1.2%) developed febrile urinary tract infection.
Disease treatment
Stents or drains placed in the ureter or in a part of the kidney called the renal pelvis may provide short-term relief of symptoms. Long-term relief from obstructive uropathy requires surgery. A Foley catheter, placed through the urethra into the bladder, may also be helpful.
Major research
Pyeloplasty, in which the blockage is located and cut away or divided with a laser Ureteral reimplantation, in which the obstructed part of the ureter is cut away and the ureter is then sewn back together. In either surgery, the surgeon may also place a stent-a small rigid tube-to help hold the ureter open-that is then removed in a later procedure when the ureter has healed.