Typhoid Fever

 Enteric fevers are systemic, bacterial diseases characterised by insidious onset of sustained fever, severe headache, malaise, anorexia. Other features may include a relative bradycardia, splenomegaly and non-productive cough (in the early stage of the illness). During the period 2009 to 2013, a total of 569 cases of enteric fever were reported, of which 390 (68.5%) cases were typhoid and 179 (31.5%) cases were paratyphoid. 

  All pathogenic Salmonella species, when present in the gut are engulfed by phagocytic cells, which then pass them through the mucosa and present them to the macrophages in the lamina propria. Nontyphoidal salmonellae are phagocytized throughout the distal ileum and colon. With toll-like receptor (TLR)–5 and TLR-4/MD2/CD-14 complex, macrophages recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as flagella and lipopolysaccharides.  Researches are going on Comparative genomics study for identification of putative drug targets in Salmonella typhi Type 2.