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Essential Thrombocythemia
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Definition
Essential thrombocythemia is a chronic disease common in people over age 50 and slightly more common in women. Young people can develop it as well. It is characterised by the overproduction of platelets by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Essential thrombocythemia is an uncommon disorder where the body produces too many blood platelets. This condition may cause to feel fatigued, lightheaded and to experience headaches and vision changes. It also increases the risk of blood clots. -
Symptoms
The greatest health risk in patients with ET is an increased risk of developing blood clots. Blood clots can be in the deep vessels of the legs or lungs; ET patients are also more likely to experience strokes and heart attacks. ET patients can develop clots elsewhere, including within the abdomen, an otherwise rare site for clots to form. The risk of clotting increases with age, and disease-associated risks may be quite different for children than for adults, with children generally being at low risk for clots and other problems related to ET. -
Statistics
We provide an update on the epidemiology and disease characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Switzerland. Data were collected through the mandatory notification system of the Federal Office of Public Health. Between 2005 and 2011, a total of 1,055 TBE cases were reported, with a peak of 244 cases in 2006. The average yearly incidence was 2.0/100,000 inhabitants nationwide, with the highest regional value (7.8/100,000) in eastern Switzerland. Incidence by age peaked in 60–69 year-old patients, males predominated in all age groups. Most patients suffered from meningoencephalitis (n=567) or meningitis (n=246), seven of 1,055 patients (0.7%) died.
Speaker PPTs
- Yosef Yarden
Classically, the 3âuntranslated region (3âUTR) is that region in eukaryotic protein-coding genes from the translation termination codon to the polyA signal. It is transcribed as an integral part of the mRNA encoded by the gene. However, there exists another kind of RNA, which consists of the 3âUTR alone, without all other elements in mRNA such as 5âUTR and coding region. The importance of independent 3âUTR RNA (referred as I3âUTR) was prompted by results of artificially introducing such RNA species into malignant mammalian cells. Since 1991, we found that the middle part of the 3âUTR of the human nuclear factor for interleukin-6 (NF-IL6) or C/EBP gene exerted tumor suppression effect in vivo. Our subsequent studies showed that transfection of C/EBP 3âUTR led to down-regulation of several genes favorable for malignancy and to up-regulation of some genes favorable for phenotypic reversion. Also, it was shown that the sequences near the termini of the C/EBP 3âUTR were important for its tumor suppression activity. Then, the C/EBP 3âUTR was found to directly inhibit the phosphorylation activity of protein kinase CPKC in SMMC-7721, a hepatocarcinoma cell line. Recently, an AU-rich region in the C/EBP 3âUTR was found also to be responsible for its tumor suppression. Recently we have also found evidence that the independent C/EBP 3âUTR RNA is actually exists in human tissues, such as fetal liver and heart, pregnant uterus, senescent fibroblasts etc. Through 1990âs to 2000âs, world scientists found several 3âUTR RNAs that functioned as artificial independent RNAs in cancer cells and resulted in tumor suppression. Interestingly, majority of genes for these RNAs have promoter-like structures in their 3âUTR regions, although the existence of their transcribed products as independent 3âUTR RNAs is still to be confirmed. Our studies indicate that the independent 3âUTR RNA is a novel non-coding RNA species whose function should be the regulation not of the expression of their original mRNA, but of some essential life activities of the cell as a whole.
PPT Version | PDF Version - Nurieva Roza Insafetdinovna
Batf is essential for IL-4 expression in T follicular helper cells.
PPT Version | PDF Version - Senthilkumar Gandhidasan
Clinical leadership â an essential requirement for successful health information system implementation
PPT Version | PDF Version