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Pathophysiology
Ureteral Obstruction is structural or functional hindrance of normal urine flow, sometimes leading to renal dysfunction (obstructive nephropathy). Ureteral obstruction can be classified as intraluminal or extraluminal. Intraluminal causes include kidney stones, blood clots and scarring; these conditions usually cause unilateral obstruction and Extraluminal causes include several conditions related to enlarged masses that place pressure on the ureter and create obstruction.
Disease statistics
Ureteral obstruction due to kidney stones is a frequent event, affecting 5%–15% of the population worldwide. Ureteral obstruction leads to a decrease in the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, ultimately resulting in interstitial fibrosis and irreversible renal damage if untreated.
Disease treatment
Stents or drains placed in the ureter or in a part of the kidney called the renal pelvis may provide short-term relief of symptoms. Long-term relief from obstructive uropathy requires surgery. A Foley catheter, placed through the urethra into the bladder, may also be helpful.
Major research
Diffusion-weighted MR imaging allows noninvasive detection of changes in renal perfusion and diffusion during acute unilateral ureteral obstruction, as exemplified in patients with a ureteral calculus.
