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Introduction
Glanders is an infectious disease caused by gram negative bacteria Burkholderia mallei. It usually occurs by ingestion of contaminated food and water. The disease primarily affects horses, mules, donkeys and gets transmitted to other mammals such as dogs and cats.
Epidemiology
Glanders occurs rarely in humans and gets transmitted from infected animals by direct contact with body fluids through abrasions or cuts and mucosal surfaces such as nose and eyes. Symptoms include chest pain, muscle aches, swollen lymph nodes, fever with chills, cough, pulmonary abscesses, nasal discharge and septicemia.
Treatment and Statistics
Glanders are treated mostly treated with antibiotics. Sulfadiazine is more effective in treating glanders both in animals and humans. Glanders cases and of live births after 1980 suggested that the incidence of glanders is about 1 in 50,000 in the amarican population.