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Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough or 100-day cough. It is a respiratory tract infection characterized by a paroxysmal cough. It is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants younger than 2 years.
Pertussis takes about 7 to 10 days for signs and symptoms to appear. Some of the common symptoms are runny nose, Nasal congestion, Red, watery eyes, Cough, Rhinorrhea, Sneezing, Low-grade fever, Tearing, Conjunctival suffusion .After two weeks , signs and symptoms will worse. Thick mucus accumulates inside your airways, causing uncontrollable coughing leading to provoked vomiting, red or blue face, extreme fatigue, high-pitched "whoop" sound during the next breath of air. Infants may not cough at all. Instead, they may struggle to breathe, or they may even temporarily stop breathing.
Pertussis can be treated by focussing on limiting the number of paroxysms, Observing the severity of cough and providing assistance when necessary, Maximizing nutrition, rest, and recovery, Pharmacologic therapy, Antimicrobial agents and antibiotics can hasten the eradication of B . Erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin are the preferred agents for patients aged 1 month or older and it can also be reduced by Immunization, CDC recommendations for vaccination, DTaP vaccine, Tdap vaccine.
In 2010, ten infants in California died and health authorities declared an epidemic encompassing 9,120 cases. They found that doctors had failed to correctly diagnose the infants' condition during several visits. Statistical analysis identified significant overlap in communities with a cluster of nonmedical child exemptions and cases. The number of exemptions varied widely among communities, but tended to be highly clustered. In some schools, more than three-fourths of parents filed for vaccination exemptions. The data suggest vaccine refusal based on nonmedical reasons and personal belief exacerbated the outbreak. Other factors included reduced duration of the current vaccine and that most vaccinated adults and older children had not received a booster shot.
