Figure 1 | Schematic overview of two different PCR-free ..

Figure 1: Schematic overview of two different PCR-free virus gene detection methods based on nucleic acid-based hybridization technologies.
a) ELISA-assisted PNA array. The target virus genome is captured by a hairpin-type PNA and the accompanying viral nucleoprotein is labeled with anti-NP antibodies and conjugated alkaline phosphatase. Purple dye production by the phosphatase can be detected in the BCIP/NBT assay solution added to the well. b) Goldnanoparticle- assisted PNA chromatography. The target virus genome is captured by hairpin-type PNA and the NP protein is labeled with anti-NP antibody modified with a gold-nanoparticle. c) Virus genome-specific identification of swine-origin influenza A/H1N1 virus using gold-nanoparticle assisted PNA chromatography. The control line detects the NP protein of the H1N1 and H3N2 strains of influenza A virus, while the test line detects the viral RNA/NP complex of swine-origin influenza A virus (H1N1/2009) at a virus titer of 6.0×10⁴ pfu and 1.0×10⁴ pfu.

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