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| Figure 1: The RNA interference pathway. RNAi is triggered when a cell encounters a long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The dsRNA will be processed into 21 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by an RNase III-like enzyme known as Dicer (known as Dicing). The siRNAs will then unwind and the sense strand will be degraded. The antisense strand will be assembled into endoribonuclease-containing complexes known as RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). The antisense strand will subsequently guide the RISCs to complementary mRNA molecules, where they will then cleave the mRNAs (known as Splicing) [87]. |
