| Quantities and Symbols | 
        Definitions | 
      
      
          | 
        Volume fractions of solid network, water and ionic species | 
      
      
        | N | 
        Total number of ionic species | 
      
      
        | E | 
        Elastic strain vector of solid phase | 
      
      
        | t | 
        Time | 
      
      
          | 
        Solid-phase volume fraction at a reference configuration | 
      
      
        | Ck | 
        Concentration of the kth ionic species | 
      
      
        | Mk | 
        Molar weight of the kth ionic species | 
      
      
          | 
        True mass density of phase α | 
      
      
        | vα | 
        Velocity vector of phase α. | 
      
      
          | 
        Fixed charge density at reference configuration. | 
      
      
          | 
        Water volume fraction at reference configuration | 
      
      
        | σ | 
        Mixture stress | 
      
      
        | μα(α=s,w,k) | 
        Chemical potential of phase α | 
      
      
        | fαβ = fβα | 
        Frictional coefficients between phases α and β | 
      
      
        | zk(k=1,2,3,…N) | 
        Valence of ion α | 
      
      
        | p | 
        Fluid pressure | 
      
      
        | I | 
        Identity tensor | 
      
      
        | Tc | 
        Chemical expansion stress | 
      
      
        | Φk | 
        Osmotic coefficient of kth ionic species | 
      
      
        | λs, μs | 
        Lame coefficients of solid matrix | 
      
      
        | γk | 
        Activity coefficient of the kth ionic species | 
      
      
          | 
        Chemical potential of phase α at reference configuration | 
      
      
        | R | 
        Universal gas constant | 
      
      
        | T | 
        Absolute temperature | 
      
      
        | Fc | 
        Faraday constant | 
      
      
        | ψ | 
        Electrical potential | 
      
      
        | Bw | 
        Coupling coefficient. |