| Method or group of medicines |
Description |
Region(s) where method or group of medicines are in use |
Use in international practice |
| Ultra rapid opioid detoxification |
Patient under general anesthesia receives high dose of opioid antagonists (naloxone 10-12.5 mg. or naltrexone 150-200 mg.) in the first hour of procedure. The peak of withdrawal syndrome occurs under the anesthetic effect. |
Moscow region, Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk. |
Not recommended, considered unsafe. |
| Clofeline detoxification |
Patient receives alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist Clofeline to decrease intensity of the withdrawal syndrome. The daily dose depends on severity of withdrawal symptoms and varies from 0.45 to 1.5 mg. |
St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Bryansk, Novgorod, Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk |
Not recommended for wide use. |
| Method or group of medicines |
Description |
Region(s) where method or group of medicines are in use |
Use in international practice |
Neuroleptics
(Chlorprothixene, Thioridazine, Periciazine, Sulpiride, Haloperidol, Chlorpromazine, Trifluoperazine). |
Neuroleptics are used to decrease “pathological craving”, seen as mental disorder. Dosage depends on medicine used and symptom severity. The treatment begins at day two or three of detoxification treatment and ends at the end of treatment. |
In use in all participated regions.
53.1% of narcologists widely use neuroleptics for detoxification treatment. |
Not recommended. |
Opioid analgesics
(Tramadol). |
Weak opioid agonists are used for treatment of withdrawal syndrome. Usual daily dosage is 0.4 g. Treatment begins at the first day of inpatient detoxification. |
In use in all participated regions.
88.3% of narcologists use opioid analgesics for detoxification treatment. |
Recommended. |
| Method or group of medicines |
Description |
Region(s) where method or group of medicines are in use |
Use in international practice |
| Nonopioid analgesics (acetylsalicylic acid, Metamizole sodium, Paracetamol (acetaminophen), Indomethacin). |
Non-opioid analgesics are used as nonspecific painkillers. Dosage depends on prescribed medicine and severity of symptoms. Treatment begins at the first day of detoxification. |
In use in all participated regions.
90.9% of narcologists use non-opioid analgesics for detoxification treatment. |
Recommended. |
Anticonvulsants
(Carbamazepine). |
Anticonvulsants are used as a treatment for “pathological craving” as normothymics. Usual dosage of Carbamazepine is 600 mg. a day. Treatment begins at day two or three of detoxification. |
In use in all participated regions.
63.6% of narcologists use Carbamazepine for detoxification treatment. |
Not recommended (effectiveness is not proven). |
| Method or group of medicines |
Description |
Region(s) where method or group of medicines are in use |
Use in international practice |
Sedatives
(Diazepam, Nitrazepam, Oxazepam, Phenazepam) |
Sedatives are used as tranquilizers. Dosage depends on medicine. Treatment begins at the first day of detoxification. |
In use in all participated regions.
95.2% of narcologists use sedatives in detoxification treatment. |
Not recommended (effectiveness is not proven). |
