Treatment / condition Dose / concentration Species Route of administration Physiological or behavioural effect Primary target Reference Galnon 0.5 mg/kg BXD mouse Intraperitoneal injection Reversed nicotine withdrawal signs   [139] Nicotine withdrawal (precipitated by mecamylamine-hydrochloride) 2 mg/kg BXD mouse Subcutaneous injection Increased GALR1 expression NAc [139] Nicotine 0.01 ml/g GAL-KO mouse Intraperitoneal injection Decreased sensitivity to nicotine   [138] Morphine 20 – 100 mg/kg Galanin-LacZ mouse Subcutaneous injection Increased galanin expression LC [141] Opiate withdrawal (precipitated by naloxone) 1 mg/kg GALR1-KO mouse Subcutaneous injection More severe withdrawal signs than wild-type GALR1 [141] Opiate withdrawal (precipitated by naltrexone) 1 mg/kg C57Bl/6 mouse Subcutaneous injection Upregulation of galanin binding and GALR1 mRNA LC [142] Galnon 2 mg/kg C57Bl/6 mouse Intraperitoneal injection Decreased withdrawal symptoms and decreased preference for morphine   [143] Opiate withdrawal (precipitated by naloxone) 1 mg/kg GAL-OE mouse Subcutaneous injection Increased withdrawal signs of opiate withdrawal   [143] Opiate withdrawal (precipitated by naloxone) 1 mg/kg GAL-KO mouse Subcutaneous injection Decreased withdrawal signs of opiate withdrawal   [143] Galnon 2 mg/kg GAL-KO mouse Intraperitoneal injection Blocked cocaine-induced place preference   [145] Cocaine 3 or 10 mg/kg GAL-KO mouse Intraperitoneal injection Greater cocaine-induced increased place preference than wild-type   [145] Amphetamine 3 mg/kg GAL-KO mouse Injection Smaller increase in amphetamine induced locomotor activity than galanin wild-type   [147] Abbreviations: GALR1-KO, galanin-1 receptor knockout; GAL-KO, Galanin knockout; GAL-OE, Galanin over-expressing.

Table 2: Experimental interactions between galanin, galanin-receptor regulators and other drugs of abuse

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