Demographics or behaviors

Male,N=309(%)

Female, N=195(%)

Total, N=504(%)

χ2

P-value

Age* (mean ± SD, year)

31±8

29±7

30±8

3.64

<0.01

Ethnicity

2.86

0.09

Han majority

140 (45.3)

93(47.7)

221 (46.2)

Yi or other minorities

169 (54.7)

102 (52.3)

112 (53.8)

Year of schooling

2.57

0.11

≤6 years

162 (52.4)

108 (55.4)

270 (53.6)

>6 years

147 (47.6)

87 (44.6)

234(46.4)

Currently employed

231 (75.8)

138 (70.8)

369 (73.2)

1.0

0.32

Personal annual income* (mean ± SD, U.S. dollars**)

2098±2765

2214±2925

2143±2825

0.45

0.65

Marital status

4.41

0.04

Currently married

105 (34.0)

49(25.1)

154(30.6)

Other

204 (66.0)

146 (74.9)

350 (69.4)

Ever used other drugs besides heroin in last 3 months

52(12.3)

24(16.8)

76(15.1)

1.9

0.17

Ever injected drugs in last 3 months

120(38.8)

53(27.2)

173(34.3)

7.2

<0.01

Frequency of using heroin in last 3 months

1.0

0.31

<7 times/week

67 (21.7)

35 (17.9)

102 (20.2)

≥7 times/week

242 (78.3)

160 (82.1)

402(79.8)

Shared needles and syringes in last 3 months

24 (7.8)

2 (1.0)

26 (5.2)

11.1

<0.01

Duration of drug use*(mean ± SD, year)

6.3±5.3

5.0±4.3

5.8±5.0

2.9

<0.01

Ever had STI diagnosis

57(18.4)

9(4.6)

66(13.1)

20.1

<0.01

Had more than one sexual partner in last 30 days

75(24.3)

34(17.4)

109(21.6)

0.07

Had unprotected sex with a primary sex partner in last 30 days

124 (40.1)

89(45.6)

213(42.3)

1.5

0.22

Paid money for sex or exchanged sex for money in last 6 months

53(19.1)

30(15.4)

83(16.5)

0.3

   0.6

Currently participating in MMT program

16(5.2)

10(5.1)

26(5.2)

0.1

0.82

Ever had HIV test

155(50.2)

122(62.6)

277(55.0)

7.4

<0.01

Ever participated in HIV prevention program

124(40.1)

102(52.3)

226(44.8)

7.2

<0.01

HIV infection

34(11.0)

24(12.3)

58(11.5)

0.2

0.65