On ART
ART naïve
Lipohypertrophy
Lipoatrophy
Lipodystrophy
Lipohypertrophy
Lipoatrophy
Lipodystrophy
Age (years)
18-34
127 (51.2)
136 (54.8)
187 (75.4)
84 (37.7)
104 (46.6)
147 (65.9)
35-49
208 (47.5)
265 (60.5)
349 (79.7)
58 (37.9)
64 (41.8)
99 (64.7)
50-78
74 (57.4)
73 (56.6)
109 (84.5)
19 (38.8)
18 (36.7)
29 (59.2)
P value
0.13
0.3
0.11
1.0
0.4
0.7
Gender
Male
167 (39.8)
248 (59.0)
327 (77.9)
75 (36.1)
90 (43.3)
138 (66.3)
Female
242 (61.3)
226 (57.2)
318 (80.5)
86 (39.6)
96 (44.2)
137 (63.1)
P value
<0.001
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.5
Education (years)
0-4
116 (53.0)
136 (62.1)
183 (83.6)
28 (27.5)
56 (54.9)
66 (64.7)
5-8
151 (49.2)
199 (64.8)
252 (82.1)
71 (44.9)
74 (46.8)
114 (72.2)
9-11
96 (49.0)
101 (51.5)
145 (74.0)
42 (36.5)
40 (34.8)
67 (58.3)
≥12
46 (49.5)
38 (40.9)
65 (69.9)
20 (40.0)
16 (32.0)
28 (56.0)
P value
0.8
<0.001
0.007
0.04
0.006
0.06
Skin color
Caucasian
185 (53.2)
234 (67.2)
297 (85.3)
78 (42.9)
87 (47.8)
127 (69.8)
Non-Caucasian
224 (48.0)
240 (51.4)
348 (74.5)
83 (34.2)
99 (40.7)
148 (60.9)
P value
0.14
<0.001
<0.001
0.07
0.15
0.06
Smoking (pack-years)
0
160 (58.8)
150 (55.1)
215 (79.0)
61 (40.7)
52 (34.7)
89 (59.3)
1-19
144 (46.6)
182 (58.9)
242 (78.3)
67 (35.4)
83 (43.9)
120 (63.5)
≥20
105 (44.9)
142 (60.7)
188 (80.3)
33 (38.4)
51 (59.3)
66 (76.7)
P value
0.002
0.4
0.8
0.6
<0.001
0.02
Physical activity (min/week)
≥150
179 (50.9)
276 (59.6)
367 (79.3)
94 (37.2)
121 (47.8)
168 (66.4)
<150
230 (49.7)
198 (56.3)
278 (79.0)
67 (39.0)
65 (37.8)
107 (62.2)
P value
0.7
0.3
0.9
0.7
0.04
0.4
Body mass index (kg/m2)
<18.5
3 (11.1)
27 (100.0)
27 (100.0)
1 (9.1)
11 (100.0)
11 (100.0)
18.5-24.9
170 (36.5)
298 (63.9)
355 (76.2)
49 (24.0)
109 (53.4)
134 (65.7)
25-29.9
156 (67.2)
104 (44.8)
181 (78.0)
64 (43.2)
48 (32.4)
82 (55.4)
≥30.0
80 (88.9)
45 (50.0)
82 (91.1)
47 (75.8)
18 (29.0)
48 (77.4)
P value
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
0.001
Time since diagnosis of HIV infection (years)
<3
108 (51.2)
113 (53.6)
160 (75.8)
98 (35.8)
121 (44.2)
170 (62.0)
3-5
128 (50.0)
138 (53.9)
196 (76.6)
41 (43.6)
36 (38.3)
63 (67.0)
≥6
173 (49.9)
223 (64.3)
289 (83.3)
22 (38.6)
29 (50.9)
42 (73.7)
P value
1.0
0.01
0.048
0.4
0.3
0.2
Viral load (copies/mL)
<50
272 (55.7)
270 (55.3)
390 (79.7)
8 (40.0)
9 (45.0)
11 (55.0)
≥50
134 (41.7)
200 (62.3)
250 (77.9)
148 (37.8)
169 (43.1)
255 (65.1)
P value
<0.001
0.049
0.5
0.8
0.9
0.4
CD4 (cells/mm
3
)
≥350
242 (53.7)
256 (56.8)
356 (78.9)
130 (43.3)
131 (43.7)
197 (65.7)
200-349
114 (53.0)
126 (58.6)
175 (81.4)
21 (26.3)
30 (37.5)
48 (60.0)
<200
51 (35.2)
90 (62.1)
111 (76.6)
7 (19.4)
19 (52.8)
24 (66.7)
P value
<0.001
0.5
0.5
0.001
0.3
0.6
Dyslipidemia*
Yes
226 (52.4)
239 (55.5)
339 (78.7)
68 (38.4)
76 (42.9)
117 (66.1)
No
181 (47.9)
230 (60.8)
300 (79.4)
91 (38.1)
105 (43.9)
152 (63.6)
P value
0.2
0.12
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.6
Use of lipid-lowering treatment
Yes
15 (57.7)
16 (61.5)
22 (84.6)
1 (33.3)
2 (66.7)
2 (66.7)
No
394 (49.9)
458 (58.0)
623 (79.0)
160 (37.9)
184 (43.6)
273 (64.7)
P value
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.9
0.4
0.9
Table 2
: Distribution of characteristics associated with lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy, and lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients according to ART treatment status [n (%)].
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