| Characteristica |
Total Cohort N=213 |
Clinically Significant Disease (CAC Score >100) N=16/213 |
Minimum Detectable Disease (CAC Score 1-100) N=55/213 |
No Detectable Disease (CAC=0) N=142/213 |
OR (95% CI) |
P-value |
| Variable of Interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Adiponectin, per 1.0 µg/ml increase |
3.1 (2.2-4.4) |
2.5 (2.0-3.7) |
2.8 (2.1-3.9) |
3.2 (2.3-4.4) |
0.8 (0.7, 1.0) |
0.06 |
| Demographics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age, per 10 years |
43 (36-49) |
51 (49-55) |
49 (42-55) |
40 (31-45) |
3.7 (2.5, 5.5) |
<0.0001 |
| Ethnicity |
|
|
|
|
|
0.01 |
| Black |
48 (22.5%) |
1 (2.1%) |
9 (18.7%) |
38 (79.2%) |
0.3 (0.1, 0.7) |
|
| Hispanic |
30 (14.1%) |
2 (6.7%) |
3 (10.0%) |
25 (83.3%) |
0.2 (0.1, 0.8) |
|
| Other |
27 (12.7%) |
2 (7.4%) |
8 (29.6%) |
17 (63%) |
0.7 (0.3, 1.8) |
|
| White |
108 (50.7%) |
11 (10.2%) |
35 (32.4%) |
62 (57.4%) |
1.0 |
|
| Clinical Information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
150 (70.4%) |
9 (6%) |
26 (17.3%) |
115 (76.7%) |
1.0 |
|
| Yes |
63 (29.6%) |
7 (11.1%) |
29 (46.0%) |
27 (42.9%) |
3.8 (2.1, 7.1) |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes |
|
|
|
|
|
0.001 |
| No |
200 (93.9%) |
13 (6.5%) |
48 (24.0%) |
139 (69.5%) |
1.0 |
|
| Yes |
13 (6.1%) |
3 (23.0%) |
7 (53.9%) |
3 (23.1%) |
5.9 (2.0, 17.2) |
|
| CHD Risk Level by FRS |
|
|
|
|
|
<0.0001 |
| Low |
169 (79.3%) |
10 (5.9%) |
34 (20.1%) |
125 (74.0%) |
1.0 |
|
| Moderate/High |
44 (20.7%) |
6 (14.0%) |
21 (48.0%) |
17 (38.0%) |
4.0 (2.0, 7.7) |
|
| Tobacco Use |
|
|
|
|
|
0.5 |
| Never |
106 (49.8%) |
5 (4.7%) |
28 (26.4%) |
73 (68.9%) |
1.0 |
|
| Past |
70 (32.9%) |
7 (10.0%) |
16 (22.9%) |
47 (67.1%) |
1.1 (0.6, 2.2) |
|
| Current |
37 (17.3%) |
4 (10.8%) |
11 (29.7%) |
22 (59.5%) |
1.5 (0.7, 3.3) |
|
| HIV-specific Information |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Duration HIV infection (years) |
11 (5-19) |
20 (14-23) |
17 (8-22) |
8 (4-15) |
1.1 (1.0, 1.1) |
<0.0001 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3),per 100 cells |
583 (386-729) |
643 (464-836) |
480 (305-734) |
587 (425-713) |
1.1 (0.9, 1.3) |
0.09 |
| Nadir CD4 (cells/mm3), per 100 cells |
260 (138-366) |
257 (103-346) |
170 (71-304) |
284 (187-382) |
0.7 (0.5, 0.8) |
0.001 |
| HIV RNA level (copies/ml) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <50 |
148 (69.5%) |
13 (8.8%) |
38 (25.7%) |
97 (65.5%) |
1.0 |
|
| ≥50 |
65 (30.5%) |
3 (4.6%) |
17 (26.2%) |
45 (69.2%) |
0.8 (0.4, 1.5) |
0.5 |
| Current HAART Use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
37 (17.4%) |
1 (2.7%) |
4 (10.8%) |
32 (86.5%) |
1.0 |
|
| Yes |
176 (82.6%) |
15 (8.5%) |
51 (29.0%) |
110 (62.5%) |
3.8 (1.4, 10.2) |
0.01 |
| Total months NRTI use, per 12 months |
76 (17.3-147) |
154.4 (99-180.3) |
125 (53-182) |
47 (9.1-117.2) |
1.1 (1.0,1.1) |
<0.0001 |
| Total months protease |
24.4 (0-71) |
78.1 (24.4-117) |
53 (3.3-105) |
3.05 (0-63) |
1.1 (1.0,1.2) |
0.0001 |
| inhibitor use, per 12 months |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Abacavir |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None |
139 (65.3%) |
6 (4.3%) |
29 (20.9%) |
104 (74.8%) |
1.0 |
|
| Past or Current Use |
74 (34.7%) |
10 (13.5%) |
26 (35.1%) |
38 (51.4%) |
2.9 (1.6, 5.1) |
0.0004 |
| Didanosine |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None |
153 (71.8%) |
8 (5.2%) |
33 (21.6%) |
112 (73.2%) |
1.0 |
|
| Past or Current Use |
60 (28.2%) |
8 (13.3%) |
22 (36.7%) |
30 (50.0%) |
2.7 (1.5, 5.0) |
0.001 |
| Tenofovir |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None |
61 (28.6%) |
4 (6.5%) |
9 (14.8%) |
48 (78.7%) |
1.0 |
|
| Past or Current Use |
152 (71.4%) |
12 (7.9%) |
46 (30.3%) |
94 (61.8%) |
2.1 (1.1, 4.3) |
0.03 |
| Ritonavir |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None |
109 (51.2%) |
3 (2.8%) |
19 (17.4%) |
87 (79.8%) |
1.0 |
|
| Past or Current Use |
104 (48.8%) |
13 (12.5%) |
36 (34.6%) |
55 (52.9%) |
3.6 (1.2, 6.6) |
<0.0001 |
| Atazanavir |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| None |
142 (66.7%) |
8 (6.0%) |
33 (23.0%) |
101 (71.0%) |
1.0 |
|
| Past or Current Use |
71 (33.3%) |
8 (11.3%) |
22 (31.0%) |
41 (57.7%) |
1.8 (1.0, 3.3) |
0.04 |
| Laboratory Results |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ESR , per 10 mm/hr |
10 (7-18) |
11 (9-24) |
13 (10-19) |
10 (7-18) |
1.1 (0.9, 1.4) |
0.12 |
| hsCRP level (mg/dL) |
0.2 (0.1-0.3) |
0.2 (0.1-0.4) |
0.2 (0.1-0.4) |
0.2 (0.1-0.3) |
1.2 (0.8, 1.8) |
0.24 |
| Total cholesterol, per 10 mg/dL |
183 (158-211) |
170 (161-220) |
192 (164-217) |
182 (157-204) |
1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
0.18 |
| HDL, per 10 mg/dL |
40 (35-49) |
39 (33-46) |
41 (35-46) |
40 (34-50) |
0.9 (0.7, 1.1) |
0.37 |
| LDL , per 10 mg/dLb |
102 (86-129) |
102 (70-129) |
109 (92-136) |
98 (83-129) |
1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
0.22 |
| Fasting glucose, per 10 mg/dLb |
92 (86-99) |
99 (89-109) |
93 (87-103) |
91 (85-97) |
1.2 (1.0, 1.4) |
0.01 |
| Triglyceride level, per 100 mg/dL |
143 (94-243) |
181 (115-270) |
178 (118-247) |
131 (79-235) |
1.2 (1.0,1.4) |
0.01 |
| Weight and Fat Measurements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BMI (kg/m2) |
26.7 (24.2-29.4) |
27.2 (25.4-29.4) |
25.1 (24-28) |
27 (24.3-30) |
1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
0.15 |
| Suprailiac measurement (mm) |
16 (11-23.3) |
16.4 (11-28) |
16 (10-21) |
17 (11.3-24) |
1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
0.69 |
| Subscapular measurement (mm) |
21 (16-27.3) |
20 (17-27) |
22.3 (14-29) |
21.1 (16-26.3) |
1.0 (0.9, 1.0) |
0.66 |
| Biceps measurement (mm) |
8 (5-11) |
7.2 (5-11.2) |
7 (4-11) |
9 (5-11) |
1.0 (0.9, 1.1) |
0.2 |
| Triceps measurement (mm) |
16 (11.3-21) |
18 (10-22) |
15 (9-19.3) |
17 (13-21) |
0.9 (0.9, 1.0) |
0.24 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
94 (86-99) |
96 (87-107) |
91 (84-98) |
94 (86-99) |
1.0 (1.0, 1.0) |
0.31 |
| Thigh circumference (cm) |
56 (52-60) |
53 (51-58) |
54 (50-57) |
57 (53-61) |
0.9 (0.9, 1.0) |
0.01 |
| Hip circumference (cm) |
93 (87-98) |
94 (87-100.2) |
93 (86-98) |
92.2 (87-98) |
1.0, 0.9, 1.0) |
0.72 |
| Waist/Hip ratio (cm) |
1.0 (0.9-1.0) |
1.0 (1.0-1.1) |
1.0 (0.9-1.0) |
1 (0.9-1.0) |
2.2 (0.3, 15.6) |
0.41 |
| Percent body fat b |
26 (23-30) |
29 (25.3-33.5) |
27.1 (23-31) |
26 (23-29) |
1.0 (1.0, 1.1) |
0.02 |
| Physician Visual Assessment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lipohypertrophy |
104 (48.8%) |
11 (10.6%) |
37 (35.6%) |
56 (53.8%) |
3.1 (1.7, 5.6) |
0.0002 |
| Lipoatrophy |
81 (38.0%) |
11 (13.6%) |
28 (34.6%) |
42 (51.8%) |
3.0 (1.6, 5.3) |
0.0002 |
a Categorical variables expressed as number (percentage) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range)
bAll values are n=213, except LDL (n=200), glucose (n=212) and percent body fat (n=212) due to missing values
BMI, body-mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium score; CHD Risk level, coronary heart disease risk level; CI, 95% confidence interval; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FRS, Framingham Risk Score ; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor; OR, odds ratio |
