| Dietary factors |
Study design |
Outcome(s) |
Results |
Ref |
| Antioxidants and antioxidant-rich foods |
| Fresh fruit (FFQ) |
Prospective cohort study study (7 years) in 2,171 British aged 18-73 years |
FEV1 |
A more marked fall in FEV1 (107 ml; 95% confidence interval, 36 to 178 ml) in subjects with the greatest decrease in fresh fruit intake compared with those with no change. |
[69] |
| Antioxidant vitamins, fruit, alcohol (diet history) |
Prospective cohort study (25 years) in 793 middle-aged men in the town of Zutphen (the Netherlands) |
Incidence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases |
Fruit and alcohol intake were inversely associated with incidence of chronic nonspecific lung diseases. No association with intake of antioxidants |
[72 ] |
| Antioxidant, fruit, vegetable and fish intake (diet history) |
Prospective cohort study (20 years) in 2,917 men aged 50-69 years (Finland, Italy and the Netherlands) |
COPD mortality |
COPD mortality was inversely associated with fruit and vitamin E intake |
[73] |
| Fresh fruit and vegetables |
Prospective study (3 years) in 120 COPD patients randomized to either a diet rich in fruit and vegetables (intervention group) or a free diet (control group) (Greece) |
FEV1 |
At the end of the study FEV1 increased in the intervention group compared with the control group |
[74] |
| Magnesium, vitamin C, and other antioxidant vitamins (FFQ) |
Cross-sectional and longitudinal (9 years) analyses in 2,633 adults aged 18-70 years (United Kingdom) |
FEV1 |
Cross-sectional analysis: FEV1 was positively associated with vitamin C intake; longitudinal analysis: decline in FEV1 was inversely associated with vitamin C intake |
[75] |
| Serum levels of carotenoids, vitamin A, and vitamin E |
Longitudinal cohort study (8 years) in 535 young adults aged 20-44 years (France) |
FEV1 |
β-carotene concentration was independently associated with FEV1decline, with the steepest decline occurring in subjects with the lowest β-carotene levels at baseline (i.e., heavy smokers) |
[81] |
| Wine and resveratrol (FFQ) |
Population-based cross-sectional study in adults (the Netherlands) |
FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC |
Resveratrol intake was associated with higher FVC levels, and white wine intake with higher FEV1 levels and FEV1/FVC ratio |
[83] |
| Cereal fiber (FFQ) |
Prospective cohort study (6 years) in middle aged men and women (US) |
COPD diagnosis |
The intake of total fiber intake, and particularly cereal fiber, was associate with lower risk of developing COPD |
[86] |
| Fatty acids |
| Fish intake (FFQ) |
Cross-sectional study in 6,346 men aged 45-68 years (Hawaii) |
FEV1 |
Among smokers, lower decline in FEV1 was shown at high level of fish intake |
[87] |
| Fish intake (FFQ) |
Prospective cohort study (5 years) in 2,512 British men aged 45–59 years |
FEV1 |
No association of fatty fish intake and FEV1 |
[70] |
| n-3 PUFA (capsules) |
Intervention study (8 weeks) in 80 moderate to severe COPD patients randomized to 9 g n-3 PUFA or placebo daily (The Netherlands) |
FEV1, FVC, exercise capacity |
PUFA intervention had no effect on FEV1, but increased exercise capacity |
[94] |
| Cured meat |
| Cured meat (FFQ) |
Prospective cohort study in middle aged 42,915 men (12 years follow up) and 71531 women (16 years follow-up) (US) |
COPD diagnosis |
Frequency of cured meat consumption was positively associated with risk of newly diagnosed COPD (mostly among past smokers) |
[97,98] |
