Direct Indirect Pneumonia Aspiration of gastric contents Breathing in smoke or toxic fumes Ventilator-induced injury Near drowning Lung contusion Ischemia/reperfusion injury (eg. lung transplantation) Sepsis Hemorrhagic shock/Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) Major trauma or burn injury Acute pancreatitis Adverse drug reaction Fat embolism

Table 1: Causes of Acute Lung Injury. The major causes of acute lung injury are listed based on whether they cause direct or indirect injury to the lung.

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